20대 은퇴하기 바빌론부자연구소

*틈틈히 하루 일과중 시간이 남거든 프로그램을 실행시켜 보세요. 하루에 30분도 좋고, 5분도 좋습니다. - 바빌론.

유튜브 동영상 시청 시 'Captions'를 클릭하시면 English(스크립트 작성됨) 클릭해 주세요.

자막이 흘러 나옵니다.

Ronald Reagan - Shuttle Challenger Address.pdf

*다운받아 출력하시고 동영상 반복 시청하시면서 모르는 단어 표시하면서 공부해 보세요^^

본문출처:http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ronaldreaganchallenger.htm

Ladies and Gentlemen, I'd planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans. Today is a day for mourning and remembering. Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger. We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. This is truly a national loss.

Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground. But we've never lost an astronaut in flight. We've never had a tragedy like this.

And perhaps we've forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe.

We mourn their loss as a nation together.

For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. But we feel the loss, and we're thinking about you so very much. Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, "Give me a challenge, and I'll meet it with joy." They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us.

We've grown used to wonders in this century. It's hard to dazzle us. But for twenty-five years the United States space program has been doing just that. We've grown used to the idea of space, and, perhaps we forget that we've only just begun. We're still pioneers. They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers.

And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttle's take-off. I know it's hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery. It's all part of taking a chance and expanding man's horizons. The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and we'll continue to follow them.

I've always had great faith in and respect for our space program. And what happened today does nothing to diminish it. We don't hide our space program. We don't keep secrets and cover things up. We do it all up front and in public. That's the way freedom is, and we wouldn't change it for a minute.

We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue.

I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA, or who worked on this mission and tell them: "Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades. And we know of your anguish. We share it."

There's a coincidence today. On this day three hundred and ninety years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans, and a historian later said, "He lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it." Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drake's, complete.

The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and "slipped the surly bonds of earth" to "touch the face of God."

Thank you.

George W. Bush: "Columbia" Disaster Address

Questions Transcript Notes

Notes:

Steve Jobs: 1955 - 2011
May he rest in peace.

This speech was a part of the 2005 Stanford University commencement where Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple Inc, was granted an honorary doctorate degree from the university. Like Bill Gates, Jobs was a college dropout when took the less travelled path to become one of the greatest inventors of our time.

'Stay hungry, stay foolish.' Ask your classmate what Steve Jobs meant when he advised this to the graduating class of Stanford University. 

Transcript:

'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says

This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.

Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.

She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.

So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course."

My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

My second story is about love and loss.

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20.

We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired.

How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar,

and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.

Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.

 In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers.

Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.

My third story is about death.

When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.

Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

Thank you all very much.

『영어 정복기술』- 조승연 (‘영어라는 언어‘ 편)

1. 영어의 실체를 파악할 것.

2. 영어를 배우는 목적을 정하고 거기에 맞는 방법을 선택할 것.

3. 한번 정한 방법은 가능한 바꾸지 말 것.

4. 말하는 형식보다 내용을 중요시 할 것.

5. 다양한 경험과 사교로 대화의 폭을 넓힐 것.

6. 한 번 배운 영어는 반드시 실생활에서 써볼 것.

7. 국제화에 주눅들지 말고 어디서나 말을 붙일 수 있는 배짱을 기를 것.

a. 유학이 영어 문제를 해결해 주지는 않는다. 학교에서 배운 영어를 세계 각국에서 온 다양한 친구를 만나 대화를 나누고 리포트에 활용하는 적극성이 있어야만 유학으로 영어를 익힐 수 있다.

b.외국어를 잘하면 성공과 부를 얻는 길을 찾기가 쉽다. 그러나 외국어 그 자체가 성공을 가져다주지는 않는다. 영어를 배우는 것보다 세계 어느 나라 사람에게나 말을 걸고 대화를 나눌 수 있는 배짱을 기르는 것이 더 중요하다. 배짱이 있으면 영어가 쉽다.

c.영어는 유행을 많이 타는 언어이고 이것은 영어를 국제 공용어로 만드는 데 큰 기여를 했다. 이처럼 변화가 잦은 영어를 제대로 배우려면 미국은 물론, 영어를 사용하는 국가들의 문화적 흐름을 놓치지 말아야 한다.

1.새로운 영어 표현을 배우면 그 나라 사람들이 왜 그런 표현을 쓰게 되었는지 생각해 본다.

2.우리말을 직역하면 우리와 다른 문화를 가진 사람들이 어떻게 받아들일지 생각해 본다.

3.세상을 우리의 시각으로만 보지 말고 그들의 시각으로도 보려고 노력한다. 그러려면 가급적 여러 나라의 매체를 접하며 같은 사건을 어떻게 다르게 전달하는지 파악하면 다른 시각들을 실감할 수 있다.

1.그들의 과거를 이해한다. : 미국 사람들은 역사에서 등장인물이나 사건 등을 따와서 단어로 만들어낸다. 고대 그리스 - 로마 역사책 몇 권만 읽어도 이런 영어를 익히는 데 도움이 된다.

2.그들의 지식을 공유한다. : 영어권 사람들이라면 반드시 공부하는 필독도서가 있으며 이런 책에서 인용되었던 문구들이 다시 일반 문장에서 의미가 달라져 사용된다. 따라서 이들의 필독도서를 읽는 것은 중요하다. 영어권 필독도서는 대체로 우리나라에서도 널리 알려진 사상서들이다. 이런 원서를 구해 단 몇 장이라도 해석해본 사람과 그렇지 않은 사람의 영어 실력에는 큰 차이가 난다.

3.그들의 생활을 이해한다. :　영어권 미디어를 접하고 그들의 생활을 이해하라. 문학적 편견을 최대한 배제하는 미국 신문들보다는 의견이 강한 영국 신문이나 미국 시사 잡지들을 한달에 한두 페이지 정도라도 접하면 영어가 쉬워질 것이다.

1.책은 항상 크게 소리내서 읽는다. 리스닝은 박자와 멜로디가 가미된 독해이다. 따라서 감정을 집어넣어서 박자와 멜로디를 익히면서 독서를 하라.

2.랩과 로큰롤 음악에 맞춰 영어를 읽으며 박자를 맞춰본다.

3.한꺼번에 많이 듣지 말고 매일 조금씩 듣되 박자와 리듬을 염두에 두고 들어라. 또한 많은 음악을 들으려고 하지 말고 한 음악에 몇 가지 단어만을 골라 음절과 박자를 이해하며 들어라.

4.단어를 익히기 시작할 때부터 정확한 발음이나 악센트보다 음절이 어디서 끊어지는가에 더 신경을 써라.

5.영어 자막을 켜놓고 TV를 보면서 읽는 것과 듣는 것을 연결시켜라. TV시청에서 영어 자막을 켜놓는 것은 필수적이다.

6. 연극 대본을 통해 공부하라. 영어적 억양으로 감정 표현하는 법을 배우는 데 많은 도움이 된다.

1.우리말과 영어 단어를 짝짓기하지 말라.

2.가능한 한 다양한 상황에서 단어를 접하라. 예를 들어서 시사 잡지의 단어를 과학 잡지에서도 발견할 수 있는지 보고 의미를 비교하라.

3.단어의 의미에 대해서 깊게 생각해보고 주변 사람들과 토론하라.

4.단어의 여러 가지 사용법을 하나로 모아 공통점의 고리를 발견하라.

5.단어의 느낌을 이해하도록 단어가 나올 때마다 하나의 느낌을 떠올려라.

1.단어의 족보를 그려서 관계 있는 단어는 같이 외워라.

단어가 어떻게 생겼는지 알면 다른 단어를 자연스럽게 외우게 되고 잊어버리지 않게 된다.

2.족보를 시각화해서 기억한다.

그림을 통하면 모든 영어 단어를 하나로 연결시킬 수 있다. 그림은 천개 단어만큼의 가치가 있다는 미국 속담을 기억하라.

3.단어의 족보가 확실해지면 단어의 역사를 배워라.

사람도 조상을 알고 과거를 알면 친해지는 것과 같은 이치다. 언어의 변천사를 알면 언어의 기본적 의미를 느낄 수 있게 된다.

4.예문을 많이 읽고 단어의 의미가 어떻게 바뀌었는가를 알아본다.

단어는 문장 속에서 쓰임새가 중요하다.

5.스스로 단어를 글 속에 써본다.

실천하는 것이 아는 것보다 힘들다. 따라서 직접 단어를 써보지 않고는 단어를 확실히 아는 것이 아니다.